Ukraine Persha liga
The Persha Liha or Ukrainian Premier League is a football league in Ukraine and the second tier of national football competitions. League members also participate in the Ukrainian Cup. In contrast to the Ukrainian Premier League Persha Liha does not host a parallel tournament for junior teams of his clubs.
The league was founded by the newly organized Ukrainian Football Association (a successor to the Ukrainian SSR Football Association), with the disintegrating Soviet Union representing a second tier lower than the Ukrainian league (Vyshcha Liha) and higher than the Ukrainian Transitional League (Perekhidna Liha)
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The very first round of matches for this league took place on March 14, 1992. The league itself was organized only a few months earlier and consisted mainly of the Ukrainian clubs, which had previously competed in one of the groups of the lower Soviet league League (4th stage, see Ukrainian soviet competitions). The league has also been joined by some Soviet top-league reserve squads of the Soviet top-league reserve squad and the three best players in the Ukrainian football championship among amateurs, KFK (fitness clubs).
The Persha Liha (First League) is lower than the Vyshcha Liha (Higher League) (currently known as the Ukrainian Premier League) and is the second division of the Ukrainian professional football league system.
The first league was added to the PFL organization, which includes all football leagues from non-amateur clubs (Top, First and Second). On 26 May 1996, the constituent conference of non-amateur clubs took place, which established the professional league and confirmed its statute and its administration. Most of the clubs that previously participated in competitions in the Ukrainian Football League were reorganized as professional clubs, a process that began in the late 1980s. On July 17, the professional league signed a contract with several other national football organizations to organize competitions between professional clubs (their members). According to the newspaper Halychyna (Ivano-Frankivsk), the annual budget of the league clubs varied between 6 million to 30 million hryvnias in 2010.
The league officially became the top division of the Professional Football League (PFL) on April 15, 2008, when the Ukrainian Premier League reorganized into a self-governing unit. As a rule, the two best teams in the First League are promoted to the Premier League, while the two lowest teams in the Premier League are downgraded to First League. Since each club may be represented with only one squad per league, the rise of the second squad is often invalidated, so that the third-placed club can be promoted during a season. One of the most successful second division side is Dynamo Kyiv (FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv).
The number of descending clubs also changed almost annually and reached several times up to five. The number of promoted clubs usually stays at two. Only once were three teams promoted to the top league. The league winner and usually the second-placed runner-up will be admitted to the Premier League. However, there is a general understanding that a second team of the club can not be promoted if the senior team plays in a higher league. Due to the rule, the third-placed runner-up was rarely included in the Oberliga. In 2013, a precedent was created when a club of its own volition rejected the promotion. In 2017, another precedent was created when a club that deserved promotion was denied entry due to administrative speculation.
The relegation or ascent games have been organized so far usually under unforeseen circumstances such as the departure of a team from the league and often scheduled only after the end of the season. Relegation games have been a tradition since 2011.
Since the turn of the millennium, the frequency of first division payouts among competing clubs has increased. To combat this, the league has taken a stricter approach to the financial situation of each club to avoid payouts during a season.
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